Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Organization Behavior and Leadership Essay Example for Free

Organization Behavior and Leadership Essay The Expectancy Theory of Motivation One of the most widely accepted theories of motivation is Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory. â€Å"Expectancy theory argues that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual.† (Robbins Judge, 2007, p.208) [i] In other words, employees will have the motivation to put forth a strong effort, if: They believe the effort will give them positive recognition. (This is called the â€Å"effort-performance† relationship.) That positive recognition must then lead to some kind of desirable reward, such as more money or an increase in status or power. (This is called the â€Å"performance-reward† relationship.) That reward must also be something that fulfills a personal goal for the employee. (This is called the â€Å"rewards-personal goals† relationship.) All three components need to be present for an individual to exert the kind of effort needed to be considered an intense motivation for action and performance of a duty or task. Lets consider the following example: A company that produces a high quality audio products has recently introduced a new production process in an effort to help the employees meet a goal of high production standards. Supervisor As team of employees are not doing well with the production process. Some do not strive to master the process, those that have mastered it are not putting forth effort to reach the goals, and even top-producers dont seem interested in achieving the goals. After speaking to some of Supervisor As team, Supervisor B has discovered that the following concerns are expressed by the team: Some do not feel they can be successful because they believe lack the dexterity needed to implement the process. Some feel that it is not worth the putting forth the extra effort to reach the goals because there is no difference in salary increase for those that meet the goals and those that do not. They believe that performance has to be very slow before it affects the rate of pay. They also say that when a bonus is given, after the withholdings are taken out, the bonus is so small that overtime actually is seen as better way to earn more money than trying to earn a bonus. This scenario lends itself to the perfect situation to implement the expectancy theory of motivation. The employees feel: That there is no recognition for achieving the goal. That there is no reward for achieving the goal. Since there is no recognition or reward, there is no opportunity for employees to evaluated their personal goals to see if reaching the performance goal will help to fulfill a personal goal. The company could implement the expectancy theory by enacting the following steps: Create a specific recognition for those that master process. For those that master the process bonuses can be implemented that exceed those monetary rewards that overtime would bring. Personally interview each employee to discover what their employment goals are and create a personalized plan to reach those goals, make mastering the process one of those steps needed to reach the personal goal. This plan would address all three components of the expectancy theory. However the plan should not be created as one-time policy implementation. Rather it should be tested and evaluated to discover what rewards and recognitions created the most effective levels of motivation. [ i ]. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A. (2007). Organization behavior. (12 ed., p. 208). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Ivory Artifacts of The Israelietes Essay -- Archeology

Imagine in your minds eye you are back in time during age of Israelites. Now imagine yourself walking the halls of palace. As you walk you see what seems to be a small fortune of art decorating the halls. You eventually stop walk and you find yourself in the throne room and right before you see a chair but, not just not any chair the most elegant chair you have ever see with your own two eyes. This chair glistens with jewels and some sort of white material you are not familiar with. The white material seems almost alien in nature and yet it is beautiful and makes the thrones seem as if from another world. That white on that throne would be ivory. Ivory items are peculiar items when one thinks about them for long enough. One starts to think what are they, where did they come from, how where they made and who made them, what were they were used for, what is their meaning, and what do the motifs on them stand for. To be honest there is no one answer for each of these questions but, ther e are several good theories out there. But I am not going to talk about all ivories that have ever existed I am going talk to you the reader about Israelite Ivories that existed during the late bronze age to the late Iron age. To begin to answer the questions I have purposed and kind of made you think of I will start by answering the most basic of them all. What are Ivory artifacts? Ivory artifacts are any item made of the tusks of elephants, teeth of hippos, or the tusks of walruses. But today I am only discussing the early Israelites and their ivories. Their ivories mostly consisted of elephant tusks. The reason that we can assume that the tusks of elephant were used for art and not the ivory of other spices such as hippos is that it is stated in ... ...e http://users.stlcc.edu/mfuller/hermitageivory.html http://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=ivory+in+syria&gw=jtx&acc=on&prq=israelite+ivory+controversy&hp=25&wc=on Pritchard, J.B (1962) Ivory. The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible (Vol. 2 pp. 773-775) New York City, New York: Abingo press Ivory. (1946 & 1952). Hastings, James and Rowley H. H. Dictionary of the Bible (pp450), New York City, New York: Charles Scrubner’s Sons. Suter, C. (2005). Crafts and images in contact. Fruibourg : Academic Pess Fribourg. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3210398.pdf?acceptTC=true http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1356803.pdf http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/498997.pdf http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3210252.pdf?acceptTC=true http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/24/science/24tomb.html http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/4200069.pdf?acceptTC=true

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Online Enrollment System

An Innovative Approach to a School Community Information System (Web Based) By: Lelit Acolacol Joshua Ely B. Alfonso Jobelle Cavaneyro Jeffrey Gallardo Raymond Ramos A capstone proposal submitted in partial fulfillment for the subject System Analysis and Design in the course Information Technology Adviser: Mr. Frederic B. Asejo Introduction: â€Å"To pay homage to our alma- mater is our goal†, we decided that we created a system that will acknowledge ICI, a system which each and every faculty member and student can use.Starting out with a few rooms in three-storey building, with the basic facilities required by the TESDA, Prof. Neil Mateo, the school director, set out to establish ICI as a school that would aim to develop excellent learners. 2008-2009 ICI welcomed to its fold 272 students who enrolled in technical-vocational courses in HRS, IT, Computer Science, Computer Technology, Front Office and Call Center Management. With the growth of student population with just a span of four years, information provision can’t be maintained due to the large sum of students going in the school.We have been staying in the school for almost 2 years and our attention were called by information dissemination and we thought â€Å"how bout we develop a system that every one from ICI can use, a school community information system†. With the guidance of our adviser Mr. Derek Asejo we manage to create a system that can provide information with an easy access which is through internet an online bulletin board that automatically updates its database, from birthdays, special events, announcements, etc. Background:It is though the vision of establishing a higher learning institution that would promise rewarding careers for the youth that ICI college of Arts and Technology founded on March 5, 2008. Starting out with a few rooms in three-storey building, with the basic facilities required by the TESDA, Prof. Neil Mateo, the school director, set out to establish IC I as a school that would aim to develop excellent learners thought effective an innovative educational strategies. ICI was issued its Certification of Program Registration to operate on May 14, 2008. The school opened up immediately for first enrollees 008-2009 ICI welcomed to its fold 272 students who enrolled in technical-vocational courses in HRS, IT, Computer Science, Computer Technology, Front Office and Call Center Management. ICI became a member of Bulacan Private Schools Association (BULPRISA) and Bulacan Association of Technology Schools (BATS). SY 2009-2010, ICI started to offer degree programs in Computer Science, Hospitality Management, Business and Literal Arts. According to the interviews conducted with the school administrators and supplemented with personal observation made by the researcher the following are the recognized problems.In advertising of school’s quality education, courses offered and facilities, Immaculate Conception International uses tarpaulin and flyers to spread the information of the school to encourage new students, effective but too risky, time consuming and it costs a lot of money to the staff/s conducting this method. Posting of information and announcement on the bulletin board is a way for school staff/s to inform their students about the upcoming events and activities. It’s time consuming, costs a lot of effort and sometimes the students ignores it and would not participate in the school events and activities.Background: Immaculate Conception International takes evaluation among the students by means of survey to know their suggestions and feedback about the school management. In conducting a survey, the school staff/s gives chance to the students to share their opinions for the improvements of school regulations and facilities and they do it manually and it takes too much time and effort for them. They use print-outs as surveys and distribute it room-to-room and then wait until the students are done fill ing-up the survey sheet/form.It takes a lot of hassle because some students sometimes disregard this form and ignore it because some students are not interested with this process of giving feedback and suggestions. Problem: General Problem/s: †¢ Information Dissemination, a particular problem in starting school/s like the ICI, they will have to hire someone or a group of people to perform the specific task and it takes a lot of effort doing so, a waste of effort and a waste of funds that can be used to other projects that can help students, such as scholarships. Specific Problem/s: Immaculate Conception International uses tarpaulin and flyers to spread the information of the school to encourage new students, effective but too risky, time consuming and it costs a lot of money to the staff/s conducting this method. †¢ Posting of information and announcement on the bulletin board is a way for school staff/s to inform their students about the upcoming events and activities. It ’s time consuming, costs a lot of effort. †¢ Immaculate Conception International takes evaluation among the students by means of survey to know their suggestions and feedback about the school management.In conducting a survey, the school staff/s gives chance to the students to share their opinions for the improvements of school regulations and facilities and they do it manually and it takes too much time and effort for them. Objective/s: General Objective/s: †¢ To create a system that will improve information dissemination to students, faculty, school staff/s and fund consumption. Specific Objective/s: †¢ To create a Web Based Application that will help the school to campaign process/procedure without risk and minimal costs. †¢ To develop a method that will minimize the effort of school staff in giving updated information to the students. To create an evaluation process that will get students request/suggestions/ and feedback. Scope/s: †¢ The web-base d application can improve the campaign process/procedures without risk and minimal cost. †¢ The application can minimize the effort of school staff in giving updated information to the students. †¢ And lastly, the application can evaluate processes that will get the students . Limitation/s: †¢ The system should have an internet service provide †¢ It can’t download files from the system. †¢ Data flow Diagram level 0 [pic] Data Flow Diagram Level 1 [pic] Existing Diagram [pic]

Saturday, January 4, 2020

The Things They Carried Rhetorical Analysis Essay - 905 Words

The Things They Carried Rhetorical Analysis Essay In The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien, O’Brien uses many short stories to describe his experience in Vietnam. The story that captured many aspects of writing was â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† because it acts as a guide to writing a true story. O’Brien uses many different rhetorical strategies, narrative techniques, and establishes a theme in this story to help develop his characters and story line. Tim O’Brien uses several rhetorical strategies in this story. A strategy that is easily found in the story is imagery. He uses a lot of sensory details to help the reader know what it feels like in a certain situation. â€Å"Except for the laughter things were quiet,† (67) and â€Å"You hear stuff†¦show more content†¦This is ironic because he is giving advice on how to write a story but he didn’t take his own advice. The last place of irony is when O’Brien says that this story was actually a love story. When most people think of death and war they think of sadness and tragedy. And these war stories, according to O’Brien, were love stories. Tim O’Brien uses two narrative techniques in â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story†. First he splits the story into three different sections. The first part being Rat Kiley writing his letter to Curt Lemon’s sister about the relationship they had. The next section is describing the correct way of writing a â€Å"true war story†. And the last is O’Brien looking back on stories and his story telling techniques. O’Brien separates the story into three different parts to give the reader an example of a story that is â€Å"true†. The next section would about the truth about writing a true story and the last section is his personal reflection on the whole situation. The other narrative technique is that O’Brien retells certain events. He retells how Curt Lemon died, he retells Mitchell Sanders telling a story, and he retells how women react when you tell them stories about the war. Tim O’Brien retells stories andShow MoreRelatedBli nk: Beauty of Snap Decisions1289 Words   |  6 Pagesinto the world of snap decisions. Gladwell utilized rhetorical strategies to construct his argument throughout each chapter of his book. For those who are unsure of what rhetorical strategies, they are listed as follow: Exemplification - Any additional facts, statistics, personal experiences, or interview quotations that can be used to help the writer accomplish their task. Description - The writer’s perceptions of a person, place or thing. Narration - The writer’s personal recount of any eventRead MoreCom/155 Appendix C Rhetorical Modes Essay1750 Words   |  7 PagesAppendix C Rhetorical Modes Matrix Rhetorical modes are methods for effectively communicating through language and writing. 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